There are several possible parts to a hearing test which may be used depending on your specific symptoms - the two most common are the pure-tone test and speech testing.  

The  Pure Tone Test:

You will be given a pair of headphones and instructed to listen and respond to the softest tones you can hear at different pitches 

The Speech Test:

You will be asked to repeat words or sentences to assess how clearly you can hear speech. Difficulty distinguishing between consonant sounds like “s,” “h,” or “f” is a sign that you have hearing loss.